Aeroplane



P. J. REUSER.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.22, 1921.

Patentei Aug. 30, 1921..

[are/2 ion UNITED. STATE? PATENT OFFICE.

PAULUS JACOBUS REUSER, F AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS.

AEROPLANI'E. f

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 30, 1921,

Application filed January 22, 1921. Serial No. 439,224.

. planes, (for which I have filed application in the Netherlands, No. 13847, on the 20th January, 1920,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to aeroplanes having wings which are adapted to up and down in flight and it consists prlnclpally 1n the construction of the wings, each wing being composed of an inner triangular plane at the base or attaching end of the wing and a larger outer, elongated triangular plane extending thence to the tip of the wing and inclined downward, to said planes, being at a permanent angle to each other so that the wing when descending will scoop the air and when rising will cut the air, without inclependent movement of any part of the wing, or risk of separation of any part, the wing as a whole having the form of a trapezium.

In the drawings Figure l'represents in side elevation the frame of the aeroplane omitting the wings; v

Fig. 2, a plan view of the same with the Wings, one wing being partly broken away,

and

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same, the lowest wing-position shown in solid lines, the highest indotted lines.

The frame of the machine comprises an upper pair of longitudinal parallel rods 1 and 2 and a corresponding lower pair of rods 3 and 4, connected together by vertical rods 5 and 6 and horizontal rods 7 and 8.

Vertical rods 5 and 6 have bifurcated upper ends 23 and 24:, which affordbearings for reduced spindles 21 and 22 fixed to or integral with rods 1 and 2, respectively. At their other ends rods 1 and 2 have spindles 27 similar to spindles 21 and 22. Each wing is mounted on one of the rods 1 and 2 for oscillation thereon up and down after the manner of the flapping of a birds wings. To permit this, the wing is provided with a strong front rod 36 which is transverse to the line of flight and mounted pivotally at its inner end on spindle 21 or 22, also with an inclined brace rod 25 or 26 converging from the rear on rod 36 and coupled thereto,

said rods .25 and 26 being similarly mounted for oscillation on spindles 27. The coupling which holdsthese rods 36 and 25 or 26 also attaches .a downwardly inclined front rod 34, which is practically a depressed extension of rod 36 and is longer than the latter. A spanning wire 35 for each wing extends from the outer end of rod 34 to the inner endof rod 25 or 26. These parts 25 or 26, 34:, 35 and 36 make up the frame of a trapee zium -form wing which is the preferred outline, the same being divided by brace-rod 25 or 26 into two triangular planes at an angle to each other, thelr arrangement be 'ing such that the wing scoops the air in descending and cuts it with wedge-like action in ascending. The larger triangular outer plane as it descends, forces the air to pack under the smaller inner plane at the base or attaching end of the wing, creating 1 strong upward pressure.

The wing as constructed is very durable and not likely to get out of order, for there are no independently movable or semi-detached parts and the outer plane never moves out of its angle with the'inner one. It is also very simple and easily manufactured, constituting in itself an article of manufacture and sale adapted to be substituted for a damaged wing or applied to an aeroplane frame otherwise complete. The wing, as a whole has the outline of a trapezium made up of two triangles. The tip of the outer triangular plane is the lowest point of the wing in the lowest position of the latter. I

Longitudinal tail-frame rods 10 and 11 extend rearward from rods 3 and 4 in c0ntinuation thereof and are connected to a transverse brace bar 9 near their forward ends. A much longer transverse tail-end rod 13 is attached to the rear ends of rods pend by arms from the lower part of theextended beyond the spindles 21 and 22 on which said rods pivot, said rods forming short arms 19 and 20 provided with slots 29,

overlapping each other and receiving a pin 30, Fig. 8, which is carried by an arm 31 of an eccentric ring 32 surrounding eccentric 33 carried by motor-shaft 17. The said parts 33, 32, 31, 30, 20,and 19 constitute transmission mechanism whereby shaft 17 gives flapping motion to the wings. The motor is carried or motors are carried by rods 3 and 4: and the transverse bar 8 supports motor shaft 17; The latter has a redueed screw-threaded end 18 for the attachment of a propeller and the rods 3 and 4' may be extended forward to support transmission mechanism from the motor before mentioned or an extra motor for driving said propeller. Or the propeller may be driven directly from the first mentioned motor.

t is obvious that my improvedconstruction of wings is not dependent on the par ticular special driving and transmission means illustrated and described. I have merely meant to set forth these latter by way of instances of convenient operative mechanism and structure for the puropses designed, without at all limiting the wings to use therewith. Instead of one pair of wings, as shown, two or more pairs may be used, arranging them one pair above another and connecting the additional pairs or pair by struts to the wings driven by the motor, so as to oscillate therewith.

The propeller on the motor shaft is not indispensable. If used, it will aid the wings in giving forward motion to the machine, or in case the wings be disabled it will alone maintain such motion! If it be driven by an additional or auxiliary motor, such forward motion will continue even though the main motor should cease to function.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an aeroplane, a tail plane, wings pivotally mounted on longitudinally extending rods, a motor and transmission mechanism between said motor and said Wings for oscillating them, each wing consisting of two inflexible connected planes having a frame construction of frame nor on the rigid throughout its length, said planes bemg at a permanent angle to each other 1n order that the air may be scooped and compressed by the wing as it descends but out wings pivoted thereto for vertical oscillation,

and mechanism for oscillating said wings,

each wing being without hinges and inflexible throughout its length but consisting of two planes arranged respectively at the base of the wing and from the tip of the wing to the former and inner plane,'and the outer I plane being inclined downward at a permanent angle from said inner plane, for the purpose set forth.

l. As an article of manufacture, an aeroplane wing without hinges and inflexible throughout its length, but consisting of two planes, the outer plane being inclined at a permanent angle to the inner one, and extending downward in the lower positions of the wing, said wing without independently movable parts and adapted to be attached pivotally for vertical oscillation, as a whole.

5. As an article of manufacture, an aeroplane-wi11gframe comprising a front rod transverse to the line of flight, an inclined brace-rod joining said front rod, a rod inclined at a permanent angle to said front rod and in extension of said front rod and a device extending from the outer end of the latter rod to the inner end of the brace-rod,

said wing-frame being adapted to be pivot ally mounted for vertical oscillation and having the form of an elongated trapezium composed of two triangles on opposlte sides of said brace rod, the outer triangle 7 beingsthe'lower and inclined downward.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

PAULUS JACOBUS REUSER Witnesses: H. Y. KUYPERS,

' G. A. HANGENDYK, 

